• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A safety monitoring unit for a battery in a vehicle electrical system, comprising: a circuit breaker assembly (12) having at least one circuit breaker element (14), said circuit breaker assembly (12) connecting, in a connection switching state, a battery terminal to be connected or connected to a battery (24) ( 20) with an electrical system to be connected or connected to a vehicle power supply (16) and disconnects the battery terminal (20) from the electrical system connection (16) in a disconnected switching state, - at least one voltage detection arrangement (30, 32, 38) - at least one current detection arrangement (34) for detecting a current flowing between the battery terminal (20) and the electrical system connection (16), - a microprocessor (26), the microprocessor (26) being adapted to operate the circuit breaker arrangement (12) based on one of at least one voltage detection arrangement (30, 32, 38) detected voltage and / or based on the v on the current detection device (34) detected current to switch between its switching states to control.
    公开号:AT519841A1
    申请号:T50312/2018
    申请日:2018-04-12
    公开日:2018-10-15
    发明作者:MANDERY Dirk；Wandres Steffen
    申请人:Eberspaecher Controls Landau Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    Safety monitoring unit for a battery in an electrical system of a vehicle, comprising:
    an isolating switch arrangement (12) with at least one isolating switch element (14), the isolating switch arrangement (12) in a connection switching state a connection of a battery connection (20) to be connected or connected to a battery (24) to an onboard power supply connection to be connected or connected to an electrical system ( 16) and disconnects the battery connection (20) from the vehicle electrical system connection (16) in a disconnected switching state, at least one voltage detection arrangement (30, 32, 38) at least one current detection arrangement (34) for detecting a voltage between the
    Battery connection (20) and the electrical system connection (16) flowing current, a microprocessor (26), wherein the microprocessor (26) is designed to
    Disconnector arrangement (12) based on one of at least one
    Voltage detection arrangement (30, 32, 38) detected voltage and / or based on the current detected by the current detection arrangement (34) to switch between its switching states.
    (Fig. 1) / 15
    - 1 security monitoring unit
    The present invention relates to a safety monitoring unit which can be used in conjunction with a battery to be connected to an on-board network of a vehicle to ensure or monitor the functionality of the battery and to prevent the battery from being overloaded.
    Fithium-ion batteries, which generally comprise a plurality of cells, are frequently used as energy stores in vehicles. When operating a vehicle or an on-board electrical system, care must be taken to ensure that the battery or the individual cells thereof do not get into an overvoltage or undervoltage condition or are operated at unsuitable temperature conditions.
    It is the object of the present invention to provide a safety monitoring unit for a battery in an electrical system of a vehicle, which reliably prevents the battery from being operated in an unsuitable operating state.
    According to the invention, this object is achieved by a safety monitoring unit for a battery in an electrical system of a vehicle, comprising:
    an isolating switch arrangement with at least one isolating switch element, the isolating switch arrangement in a connection switching state establishing a connection of a battery connection to be connected or connected to a battery connection with an on-board electrical system connection to be connected or disconnected and in a disconnecting state separating the battery connection from the on-board electrical system connection, at least one voltage detection arrangement, at least a current detection arrangement for detecting a current flowing between the battery connection and the vehicle electrical system connection, a microprocessor, the microprocessor being designed to switch the isolating switch arrangement based on a voltage detected by at least one voltage detection arrangement and / or based on the current detected by the current detection arrangement To control switching states.
    2.15
    With the safety monitoring unit constructed according to the invention, it can be ensured that no overloading of a battery connected to the battery connection of the same can occur, for example due to a short-term overvoltage in the vehicle electrical system or an excessive current flow.
    In order to be able to provide comprehensive information about voltages present in different line areas, in particular with regard to a functional diagnosis relating to the disconnector arrangement itself, it is proposed that a first
    Voltage detection arrangement is provided for detecting a voltage in the area between the vehicle electrical system connection and the disconnector arrangement, and that a second voltage detection arrangement is provided for detecting a voltage in the area between the disconnector arrangement and the battery connection.
    The current detection arrangement can be provided for detecting the current in the area between the isolating switch arrangement and the battery connection.
    The occurrence of an excessively large current flow, for example caused by a short circuit occurring in the vehicle electrical system, requires a short-term reaction to avoid overloading the battery. It is therefore proposed that the current detection arrangement comprise a short-circuit current detection unit, the short-circuit current detection unit being designed to switch the isolating switch arrangement into its isolating switching state and to inform the microprocessor of information about the switching of the circuit when a short-circuit current exceeding a predetermined current threshold is detected Disconnect disconnector assembly in their disconnect state. The disconnection of the battery from the vehicle electrical system when an excessively large current flow is detected is therefore not carried out directly by means of the microprocessor, since the computing processes running in it can take a decision duration in the range from 100 ms to 200 ms. The short-circuit current detection unit, which is constructed as an electrical circuit, can react to the occurrence of an excessive current flow in a time range of approximately 100 ps, that is to say significantly faster than the microprocessor, and thus correspondingly quickly protect the battery against an overload caused by an excessive current flow. The current threshold, which is used as criteria for the presence of an excessive current flow, can be in a range from 600 A to 1000 A.
    3.15
    - 3 In order to disconnect the battery from the vehicle electrical system using the
    Short-circuit current detection unit to be able to couple the battery to the vehicle electrical system again, it is proposed that the microprocessor be designed to switch into its disconnected state after switching the disconnector arrangement
    Short-circuit current detection unit the disconnector arrangement in their
    Switch switching connection state back.
    An interface for connecting the microprocessor to a vehicle information system can be assigned to the microprocessor. Such a vehicle information system can be used to supply the microprocessor with information relevant to the operation of the battery. This can be, for example, information about the temperature in the surroundings of a vehicle, in particular also the surroundings of a battery. Furthermore, information can be supplied to the microprocessor which relates to the operating state or the operability of the on-board electrical system itself and indicates whether or not it is back in a normal operating state, if appropriate after a temporary critical state has occurred.
    Using such information available in a vehicle, the microprocessor can be designed to switch the circuit breaker arrangement back to its connection switching state when the microprocessor is supplied via the interface with the functionality of information that is to be connected or connected to the vehicle electrical system connection.
    Furthermore, the microprocessor can be designed to switch the isolating switch arrangement to its isolating switch state when a voltage detected by at least one voltage detection arrangement indicates the presence of an overvoltage exceeding a predetermined threshold voltage if the microprocessor does not have the functionality of the on-board power supply connection via the interface connecting or connected on-board electrical system indicative information is supplied. In this embodiment, the microprocessor checks, after having received the information indicating overvoltage from at least one voltage detection arrangement, on the basis of information provided in the on-board electrical system, for example by other control units communicating with the microprocessor, whether the present voltage state is a normal or an abnormal voltage state. Only when, based on such information, the microprocessor has verified that the applied voltage is actually critical, or that
    4.15
    4 has applied such an overvoltage over a threshold period of time, that is, the battery has been loaded for too long, the microprocessor controls the disconnector arrangement to disconnect the battery from the vehicle electrical system.
    The security monitoring unit can also be associated with one with the
    Battery connection connected or to be connected battery comprise a balance unit, the balance unit being designed to detect or / and compensate for the voltage state of individual cells of a battery to be connected or connected to the battery connection or / and the microprocessor information about the voltage state of individual Supply cells to a battery to be connected or connected to the battery connector. Energy management of the battery or individual cells thereof can be carried out by means of such a balance unit. The information available in the balance unit, for example about the voltage state of individual cells of a battery, can, if necessary, be used in the microprocessor as a decision criterion for preventing overloading of individual or several cells of the battery. In the sense of the present invention, the balance unit thus also formed one
    Voltage detection arrangement, wherein the voltage detected by this in the microprocessor can be used as a decision criterion for switching the disconnector arrangement. For this purpose, the microprocessor can be designed, for example, when the information supplied by the balance unit about the voltage state of individual cells of a battery to be connected or connected to the battery connection indicates an overvoltage state or an undervoltage state of one or more of the cells, the disconnector arrangement in to switch their disconnected state.
    According to a further particularly advantageous aspect of the present invention, the microprocessor can be designed to monitor the switching state and / or the switching capability of the disconnector arrangement. So the microprocessor can
    Execute diagnostic functionality in association with the disconnector arrangement in order to ensure that a switching state of the same has actually been achieved, for example a battery has been reliably disconnected from the vehicle electrical system, or to ensure that the disconnector arrangement is in a fundamentally operational state, that is, it is assumed can be that the next switching operation to be carried out is actually carried out.
    5.15
    - 5 At least one isolating switch element can be a semiconductor switch element, preferably
    MOS FET switch element, include.
    The invention further relates to a battery assembly for an on-board network of a vehicle, comprising a safety monitoring unit constructed according to the invention and a battery connected to the battery connection of the safety monitoring unit.
    The battery can be a lithium-ion battery, for example. The battery can advantageously comprise a plurality of battery cells.
    The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying FIG. 1, which shows a security monitoring unit in a block diagram representation.
    In Fig. 1, a security monitoring unit for a battery in the vehicle electrical system of a vehicle is generally designated 10. The safety monitoring unit 10 comprises an isolating switch arrangement 12, which preferably comprises a plurality of isolating switch element 14 shown symbolically. The isolating switch elements 14 are advantageously designed as MOSFET switch elements, with, for example, a drain connection of the MOSFET switch elements in connection with a line region 18 leading to an electrical system connection 16 and a source connection of the MOSFET switch elements for example in connection with a battery connection 20 leading line area 22. A battery, generally designated 24, for example a lithium ion battery with a plurality of cells, is connected to the battery connection 20. The battery 24 and the safety monitoring unit 10 can be provided as one structural unit and integrated in their entirety in a vehicle and connected to an on-board electrical system with the on-board electrical system connection 16.
    The safety monitoring unit 10 further comprises a microprocessor 26. The microprocessor 26 is assigned an interface 28 via which the microprocessor 26 can be connected to a vehicle information system, for example by means of a CAN bus system. The microprocessor 26 can thus communicate via the interface 28 with control devices or sensors or the like which are present in the vehicle information system and are relevant to the operation of the vehicle or the battery 24
    6.15
    -6 Provide information. The microprocessor 26 is preferably AS IL (Automotive Savety Integrity Level) capable and can, for example, correspond to the ASIL C&D standard.
    The safety monitoring unit 10 further comprises two voltage detection arrangements 30, 32. The voltage detection arrangement 30 is designed to measure the voltage or the potential in the line area 18 between the vehicle electrical system connection 16 and the
    Disconnect switch arrangement 12, for example with respect to a ground potential, and conduct a signal representing this voltage to microprocessor 26. The voltage detection arrangement 32 is designed to detect the voltage or the potential in the line region 22 between the isolating switch arrangement 12 and the battery connection 20, for example with respect to a ground potential, and to conduct a signal representing this voltage to the microprocessor 26.
    A current detection arrangement 34 with a short-circuit current detection unit 36 is provided for detecting the current flowing between the on-board electrical system connection 16 and the battery connection 20. The short-circuit current detection unit 36 is constructed as an electrical circuit and is thus able to react to an excessive current, for example short-circuit current, detected by the current detection arrangement 34 within a very short time of approximately 100 ps. The short-circuit current detection unit 36 is connected in terms of control technology to the isolating switch arrangement 12 in order to immediately switch the isolating switch arrangement 12 to its isolating switch state when a current exceeding a predetermined current threshold in the range from 600 to 1000 A is detected. At the same time, the short-circuit current detection unit 36 outputs a signal to the microprocessor 26 in order to signal the microprocessor 26 that the isolating switch arrangement 12 has been switched to the isolating switch state.
    The safety monitoring unit 10 further comprises a balance unit 38. The balance unit 38 is provided to monitor the individual cells of the battery 24 with regard to their charge state or voltage state, in order to generate information as to whether a cell in the individual cells of the battery 24 Overvoltage condition or a cell undervoltage condition. The balance unit 38 is also provided to compensate for different voltage or charge states of the cells of the battery 24, for example in a passive energy management process, cells which have a significantly higher voltage than desired or than other cells, to thereby discharge the Adapting the voltage level of the cells to one another. The balance unit 38 is connected
    7/15
    7 with the microprocessor 26, so that on the one hand with appropriate control by the microprocessor 26 the balance unit 38 can carry out the energy management of the battery 24, on the other hand the microprocessor 26 information about the voltage state of the battery 24 determined by means of the balance unit 38 or who receives the cells of the same.
    With the safety monitoring unit 10 shown in FIG. 1, it becomes possible, on the one hand, to monitor the operation or operating state of the battery 24 or individual cells thereof and, if the presence of unsuitable conditions is recognized, to take measures to counteract this, for example, to increasingly discharge individual cells of the battery 24 or, if necessary, to charge them. Furthermore, the battery 24 can be protected against excessive current flow by, if an excessive current is detected, the
    Isolating switch arrangement 12 is switched to its isolating switching state and thus the battery 24 is decoupled from the vehicle electrical system. Since the microprocessor 26 is in information exchange connection with the vehicle information system via the interface 28, after the battery 24 has been disconnected from the on-board electrical system, the microprocessor 26 can be based on other information from the vehicle information system, e.g. Information which indicates a defect in the on-board electrical system, maintain the disconnected state, i.e. leave the disconnector arrangement 12 switched to its disconnected state until the continued presence of a state leading to excessive current flow in the on-board electrical system can be ruled out or, if necessary, a predetermined one after switching to the disconnected state Time period has expired and it can be assumed that such a condition that leads to excessive current flow is no longer present in the vehicle electrical system. If this is the case, the isolating switch arrangement 12 is switched back into its connection switching state by the microprocessor 26 and the battery 24 is thus connected to the vehicle electrical system again.
    Furthermore, the microprocessor 26 may be based on that of at least one of the
    Voltage detection arrangements 30, 32 supplied signals decide whether there is an overvoltage condition in the on-board electrical system, which can lead to an excessive load on the battery 24 or possibly individual cells thereof. Such an overvoltage condition can occur, for example, when a strong consumer previously coupled into the electrical system is spontaneously switched off. In this state as well, the microprocessor 26 can decouple the battery 24 from the vehicle electrical system by switching the isolating switch arrangement 24 into its isolating switching state. In this disconnected switching state of the disconnector 12, the voltage detection arrangement 30 measuring in the line area 18 continues to detect
    8.15
    8 the voltage present in the on-board electrical system, so that, for example, the output signal of the voltage detection arrangement 30 can be used as a decision criterion for switching the isolating switch arrangement 12 back into its connection switching state after the voltage in the on-board electrical system has dropped and thus to connect the battery 24 to the on-board electrical system again.
    The microprocessor 26 can, for example, also take into account other parameters, such as the ambient temperature or the temperature in the region of the battery 24, the isolating switch arrangement 12 for switching to the isolating switching state. Such temperature information can be provided via the interface 28 from the vehicle information system, so that, for example, overheating of the battery 24 or the occurrence of excessive charging currents at a low battery temperature can be avoided.
    The microprocessor 26 can also be designed to monitor the function of the circuit breaker arrangement 12. For example, on the basis of the voltage drop occurring at the isolating switch arrangement 12 between the line areas 18, 22, it can be checked whether the isolating switch arrangement 12 is in its isolating switching state or in its
    Connection switching state or an undefined and indicating a defect switching state. The switching state detected in this way can be compared with the switching state specified for the disconnector arrangement 12 per se, so that in particular if this detected switching state does not correspond to the desired switching state, it can be concluded that there is an error in the disconnector arrangement 12 and a corresponding warning can be generated or, if necessary, a disconnector arrangement located outside of the safety monitoring unit 10 can be controlled for decoupling the battery 24 from the vehicle electrical system. In particular when the isolating switch elements 14 of the isolating switch arrangement 12 are configured as MOSLET switch elements, the source-drain voltage can be monitored for this purpose, while the activation of these MOSLET switch elements for switching over the isolating switch arrangement 12 via the gate connection of the MOSLET switch elements or a gate activating them Driver is done. This gate driver can in turn be controlled by the microprocessor 26. Also, taking into account the voltages present at the disconnector arrangement 12, the disconnector arrangement 12 can have a current during a switching state
    Plausibility check is carried out to determine whether there is an indication that a switching operation to be carried out in the future could not be carried out correctly, that is
    9.15
    9, for example, a defect in the disconnector arrangement 12 or, for example, an individual disconnector element 14 of the same which could impair the switching capability, could be present. In this case, too, a warning can be generated and / or an external disconnector element can be used to ensure that the battery 24 is uncoupled from the vehicle electrical system, in order to prevent an overload state of the battery 24 which is to be prevented by the disconnector arrangement 12 from actually ending can be.
    10/15
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. A safety monitoring unit for a battery in an electrical system of a vehicle, comprising:
    an isolating switch arrangement (12) with at least one isolating switch element (14), the isolating switch arrangement (12) in a connection switching state a connection of a battery connection (20) to be connected or connected to a battery (24) to an onboard power supply connection to be connected or connected to an electrical system ( 16) and disconnects the battery connection (20) from the vehicle electrical system connection (16) in a disconnected switching state, at least one voltage detection arrangement (30, 32, 38) at least one current detection arrangement (34) for detecting a voltage between the
    Battery connection (20) and the electrical system connection (16) flowing current, a microprocessor (26), wherein the microprocessor (26) is designed to
    Disconnector arrangement (12) based on one of at least one
    Voltage detection arrangement (30, 32, 38) detected voltage and / or based on the current detected by the current detection arrangement (34) to switch between its switching states.
    [2]
    2. Safety monitoring unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a first voltage detection arrangement (30) for detecting a voltage in the area between the vehicle electrical system connection (16) and the disconnector arrangement (12) is provided, and that a second voltage detection arrangement (32) for detecting a voltage is provided in the area between the disconnector arrangement (12) and the battery connection (20).
    [3]
    3. Safety monitoring unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the current detection arrangement (34) is provided for detecting the current in the area between the isolating switch arrangement (12) and the battery connection (20).
    [4]
    4. Safety monitoring unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current detection arrangement (34) comprises a short-circuit current detection unit (36), the
    Short-circuit current detection unit (36) is designed to do so when the flow
    [5]
    5. Safety monitoring unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the microprocessor (26) is designed to switch the disconnector arrangement (12) back into its connection switching state after switching the isolating switch arrangement (12) into its disconnected switching state by the short-circuit current detection unit (36).
    [6]
    6. Security monitoring unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microprocessor (26) is assigned an interface (28) for connecting the microprocessor (26) to a vehicle information system.
    [7]
    7. Security monitoring unit according to claim 5 and claim 6, characterized in that the microprocessor (26) is designed to switch the isolating switch arrangement (12) back into its connection switching state when the microprocessor (26) via the interface (28) is functional an information indicating the vehicle electrical system connection (16) to be connected or connected is supplied.
    [8]
    8. Safety monitoring unit according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the microprocessor (26) is designed to indicate when a voltage detected by at least one voltage detection arrangement (30, 32, 38) indicates the presence of an overvoltage exceeding a predetermined threshold voltage Disconnect isolating switch arrangement (12) in its isolating switching state if the microprocessor (26) is not supplied with any information indicating the functionality of an on-board electrical system to be connected or connected to the on-board electrical system connection (16) via the interface.
    [9]
    9. Safety monitoring unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a balance unit (38) is provided in association with a battery (24) connected or to be connected to the battery connection (20), the balance unit (38) for this purpose is formed, the voltage state of individual cells
    [10]
    10. Security monitoring unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the microprocessor (26) is designed to when or the information supplied by the balance unit (38) about the voltage state of individual cells to be connected to the battery connection (20) or connected battery (24) indicates an overvoltage state or an undervoltage state of one or more of the cells to switch the disconnector arrangement (12) into its disconnected switching state.
    [11]
    11. Safety monitoring unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microprocessor (26) is designed to monitor the switching state and / or the switching capability of the isolating switch arrangement (12).
    - 11 of a short-circuit current exceeding a predetermined current threshold is detected, the isolating switch arrangement (12) is switched to its isolating switching state and the microprocessor (26) is supplied with information about the switching of the isolating switch arrangement (12) in its isolating switching state.
    11/15
    [12]
    12. Safety monitoring unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one isolating switch element (14) comprises a semiconductor switch element, preferably a MOSFET switch element.
    - 12 to detect or / and compensate for the battery connection (20) connected or to be connected to the battery (24) or / and to the microprocessor (26) information about the voltage state of individual cells of a battery (24) to be connected or connected to the battery connection (20) ) feed.
    12/15
    [13]
    13/15
    13. Battery assembly for an electrical system of a vehicle, comprising a safety monitoring unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims and a battery (24) connected to the battery connection (20) of the safety monitoring unit (10).
    14. Battery assembly according to claim 13, characterized in that the battery (24) is a lithium-ion battery, and / or that the battery (24) comprises a plurality of battery cells.
    [14]
    14/15
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    优先权:
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